De acuerdo con los datos proporcionados por el Ministerio de Interior podemos destacar que la mayoría abrumadora de solicitudes de asilo político presentadas en el Reino de España son resueltas desfavorablemente. Así por ejemplo en el año 2019 se van a presentar 118.446 solicitudes de protección internacional, un incremento sustancial con las 55.749 solicitudes de 2018, y 31.740 solicitudes de 2017, cuestión que coincide sobre todo con el éxodo masivo de ciudadanos venezolanos que han escogido el Reino de España como país receptor. En dicho año 2019 tan solo se le reconoció la condición de refugiado a un total de 1.659 solicitantes, mientras que a otros 1.589 solicitantes se les ha reconocido la protección subsidiaria. Las resoluciones desfavorables por otro lado alcanzaron las 14.938 solicitudes.
El 2020 no ha sido muy diferente, aunque se destaca un descenso en el número de solicitudes que se puede acusar a la crisis sanitaria ocasionada por el COVID. Así entonces se van a presentar 88.762 solicitudes, 5.768 fueron resueltas favorables, 68.465 solicitudes fueron resueltas desfavorablemente, mientras que a un total de 40.726 solicitantes se les ha otorgado la residencia por razones humanitarias.
Por tanto, como podemos observar, cada año son miles de solicitantes de asilo cuyas solicitudes son resueltas de forma desfavorable, cuestión que puede suponer un gran obstáculo en sus aspiraciones, ya que muchos de ello puede que estén trabajando con contrato de trabajo o como autónomos, tienen contratos de alquiler a su nombre, o podían circular por toda España sin ningún problema, perdiendo de la noche a la mañana esos derechos y siendo compelidos además a abandonar el país.
Pues bien, ante una resolución desfavorable de protección internacional el afectado tiene las siguientes opciones:
1. Recurso de Potestativo de Reposición:
El Recurso Potestativo de Reposición (En adelante, Recurso de Reposición) como bien lo indica en su nombre, es potestativo, esto quiere decir que o bien podemos optar por presentarlo o bien podemos acudir directamente al Recurso Contencioso-administrativo si no estamos de acuerdo con la resolución a recurrir. Para presentar el Recurso de Reposición por denegación de solicitud de protección internacional se cuenta con el plazo de 30 días desde la recepción de la resolución para su presentación.
El Recurso de Reposición no requiere de asistencia letrada, sin embargo, es recomendable contar con un abogado para la redacción y presentación del mismo. Cabe destacar en este apartado también que el Recurso de Reposición se presenta ante el mismo organismo que emite la resolución (En el caso de las solicitudes de Protección Internacional, ante el Ministerio de Interior), y será este mismo órgano el competente para resolver, por ello, al ser el organismo que resuelve el recurso el mismo que emitió la resolución desfavorable en una primera instancia, es improbable que se otorgue una resolución distinta, por lo que su presentación en muchos casos es poco recomendable, más allá de una estrategia orientada a ganar tiempo.
2. Recurso Contencioso-Administrativo:
El Recurso Contencioso-administrativo es otro recurso distinto al Recurso de Reposición, el cual se interpone en la Sala de lo Contencioso-administrativo de la Audiencia Nacional. Para la presentación del mismo se otorga el plazo de 2 meses y necesitaría obligatoriamente de asistencia de procurador y abogado.
En la interposición del recurso se solicita la suspensión de la ejecutividad de la resolución con la intención que el extranjero no pierda su derecho seguir residiendo y trabajando en España hasta que se resuelva el recurso.
El Recurso Contencioso-administrativo suele tardar meses en resolverse por lo cual su interposición cumple una doble función para el extranjero solicitante de protección internacional y afectado por una resolución desfavorable de la misma, que se pueden resumir de la siguiente manera:
- El reconocimiento del derecho a protección internacional a través de sentencia de la Audiencia Nacional , y;
- En caso desfavorable, ganar el tiempo suficiente para obtener otro tipo de residencia (los tres años necesarios para el arraigo social, la residencia por familiar de comunitario, etc.)
Si eres solicitante de asilo y te has visto afectado por una resolución desfavorable contáctanos a nuestro correo electrónico info@ o nuestro teléfono (+34) 666 022 794 y te ayudaremos. Para no perderte ninguna novedad suscríbete a nuestro newsletter y síguenos en nuestras redes sociales.
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