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¿Cuáles son las actividades esenciales durante el Estado de Alarma?

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En el día de ayer domingo 29 de marzo, de forma in extremis, fue publicado en el BOE el Real Decreto-Ley 10/2020 de 29 de marzo,  por el que se regula un permiso retribuido recuperable para las personas trabajadoras por cuenta ajena que no presten servicios esenciales, con el fin de reducir la movilidad de la población en el contexto de la lucha contra el COVID-19.

Como ya avisamos en nuestro artículo anterior, a raíz de la crisis sanitaria causada por el COVID-19, el Gobierno de España ha tomado la decisión de endurecer el confinamiento de sus ciudadanos deteniendo la actividad productiva del país, pudiendo continuar con la actividad solo aquellas que sean consideradas cómo esenciales, pasando los trabajadores de todas las otras actividades no esenciales a disfrutar de un permiso retribuido recuperable, percibiendo estos sus salarios habituales mientras dure el Estado de Alarma, para posteriormente, previa negociación con el empresario, recuperar los días no trabajados.

El día de hoy 30 de marzo, hasta el 9 de abril, ambos inclusive, tendrá efectos esta restricción de la actividad, concediéndose una moratoria de un día, para que las empresas que lleven a cabo actividades no incluidas en este Real Decreto, puedan organizarse para detener su actividad.

El listado de actividades esenciales contenidas en el Real Decreto Ley son las siguientes:

1. Las que realicen las actividades que deban continuar desarrollándose al amparo de los artículos 10.1, 10.4, 14.4, 16, 17 y 18, del Real Decreto 463/2020, de 14 de marzo, por el que se declara el estado de alarma para la gestión de la situación de crisis sanitaria ocasionada por el COVID-19 y de la normativa aprobada por la Autoridad Competente y las Autoridades Competentes Delegadas.

2. Las que trabajan en las actividades que participan en la cadena de abastecimiento del mercado y en el funcionamiento de los servicios de los centros de producción de bienes y servicios de primera necesidad, incluyendo alimentos, bebidas, alimentación animal, productos higiénicos, medicamentos, productos sanitarios o cualquier producto necesario para la protección de la salud, permitiendo la distribución de los mismos desde el origen hasta el destino final.

3. Las que prestan servicios en las actividades de hostelería y restauración que prestan servicios de entrega a domicilio.

4. Las que prestan servicios en la cadena de producción y distribución de bienes, servicios, tecnología sanitaria, material médico, equipos de protección, equipamiento sanitario y hospitalario y cualesquiera otros materiales necesarios para la prestación de servicios sanitarios.

5. Aquellas imprescindibles para el mantenimiento de las actividades productivas de la industria manufacturera que ofrecen los suministros, equipos y materiales necesarios para el correcto desarrollo de las actividades esenciales recogidas en este anexo.

6. Las que realizan los servicios de transporte, tanto de personas como de mercancías, que se continúen desarrollando desde la declaración del estado de alarma, así como de aquéllas que deban asegurar el mantenimiento de los medios empleados para ello, al amparo de la normativa aprobada por la autoridad competente y las autoridades competentes delegadas desde la declaración del estado de alarma.

7. Las que prestan servicios en Instituciones Penitenciarias, de protección civil, salvamento marítimo, salvamento y prevención y extinción de incendios, seguridad de las minas, y de tráfico y seguridad vial. Asimismo, las que trabajan en las empresas de seguridad privada que prestan servicios de transporte de seguridad, de respuesta ante alarmas, de ronda o vigilancia discontinua, y aquellos que resulte preciso utilizar para el desempeño de servicios de seguridad en garantía de los servicios esenciales y el abastecimiento a la población.

8. Las indispensables que apoyan el mantenimiento del material y equipos de las fuerzas armadas.

9. Las de los centros, servicios y establecimientos sanitarios, así como a las personas que (i) atiendan mayores, menores, personas dependientes o personas con discapacidad, y las personas que trabajen en empresas, centros de I+D+I y biotecnológicos vinculados al COVID-19, (ii) los animalarios a ellos asociados, (iii) el mantenimiento de los servicios mínimos de las instalaciones a ellos asociados y las empresas suministradoras de productos necesarios para dicha investigación, y (iv) las personas que trabajan en servicios funerarios y otras actividades conexas.

10. Las de los centros, servicios y establecimientos de atención sanitaria a animales.

11. Las que prestan servicios en puntos de venta de prensa y en medios de comunicación o agencias de noticias de titularidad pública y privada, así como en su impresión o distribución.

12. Las de empresas de servicios financieros, incluidos los bancarios, de seguros y de inversión, para la prestación de los servicios que sean indispensables, y las actividades propias de las infraestructuras de pagos y de los mercados financieros.

13. Las de empresas de telecomunicaciones y audiovisuales y de servicios informáticos esenciales, así como aquellas redes e instalaciones que los soportan y los sectores o subsectores necesarios para su correcto funcionamiento, especialmente aquéllos que resulten imprescindibles para la adecuada prestación de los servicios públicos, así como el funcionamiento del trabajo no presencial de los empleados públicos.

14. Las que prestan servicios relacionados con la protección y atención de víctimas de violencia de género.

15. Las que trabajan como abogados, procuradores, graduados sociales, traductores, intérpretes y psicólogos y que asistan a las actuaciones procesales no suspendidas por el Real Decreto 463/2020, de 14 de marzo, por el que se declara el estado de alarma para la gestión de la situación de crisis sanitaria ocasionada por el COVID-19 y, de esta manera, cumplan con los servicios esenciales fijados consensuadamente por el Ministerio de Justicia, Consejo General del Poder Judicial, la Fiscalía General del Estado y las Comunidades Autónomas con competencias en la materia y plasmados en la Resolución del Secretario de Estado de Justicia de fecha 14 de marzo de 2020, y las adaptaciones que en su caos puedan acordarse.

16. Las que prestan servicios en despachos y asesorías legales, gestorías administrativas y de graduados sociales, y servicios ajenos y propios de prevención de riesgos laborales, en cuestiones urgentes.

17. Las que prestan servicios en las notarías y registros para el cumplimiento de los servicios esenciales fijados por la Dirección General de Seguridad Jurídica y Fe Pública.

18. Las que presten servicios de limpieza, mantenimiento, reparación de averías urgentes y vigilancia, así como que presten servicios en materia de recogida, gestión y tratamiento de residuos peligrosos, así como de residuos sólidos urbanos, peligrosos y no peligrosos, recogida y tratamiento de aguas residuales, actividades de descontaminación y otros servicios de gestión de residuos y transporte y retirada de subproductos o en cualquiera de las entidades pertenecientes al Sector Público, de conformidad con lo establecido en el artículo 3 de la Ley 9/2017, de 8 de noviembre, de Contratos del Sector Público.

19. Las que trabajen en los Centros de Acogida a Refugiados y en los Centros de Estancia Temporal de Inmigrantes y a las entidades públicas de gestión privada subvencionadas por la Secretaría de Estado de Migraciones y que operan en el marco de la Protección Internacional y de la Atención Humanitaria.

20. Las que trabajan en actividades de abastecimiento, depuración, conducción, potabilización y saneamiento de agua.

21. Las que sean indispensables para la provisión de servicios meteorológicos de predicción y observación y los procesos asociados de mantenimiento, vigilancia y control de procesos operativos.

22. Las del operador designado por el Estado para prestar el servicio postal universal, con el fin de prestar los servicios de recogida, admisión, transporte, clasificación, distribución y entrega a los exclusivos efectos de garantizar dicho servicio postal universal.

23. Las que prestan servicios en aquellos sectores o subsectores que participan en la importación y suministro de material sanitario, como las empresas de logística, transporte, almacenaje, tránsito aduanero (transitarios) y, en general, todas aquellas que participan en los corredores sanitarios.

24. Las que trabajan en la distribución y entrega de productos adquiridos en el comercio por internet, telefónico o correspondencia.

25. Cualesquiera otras que presten servicios que hayan sido considerados esenciales.

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